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Thinking of moving to Portugal? You’ll hear the term “NIF” faster than you can say “pastel de nata.” But what exactly is the NIF number, and why does it matter?
Whether you’re applying for a visa, renting an apartment, or buying groceries, the NIF (Número de Identificação Fiscal) is one of the most important things you’ll need in Portugal. And yes, you’ll be asked for it — even at the supermarket checkout.
We spoke to Kathleen Lo, co-founder of Bordr, a company that helps newcomers get their NIFs and open Portuguese bank accounts, to finally clear up what this mysterious number does — and answer all your NIF-related questions.
What Is a NIF?
“The NIF is short for Número de Identificação Fiscal, which is basically your personal tax identification number,” says Kathleen. “It’s a nine-digit number and permanent — you’ll use it for everything.”
That includes:
- Opening a Portuguese bank account
- Signing a lease
- Setting up utilities
- Getting a job
- Enrolling in school
- Making large purchases (like a car)
It’s kind of like a social security number in the US or a national insurance number in the UK — but far more widely used. You’ll even be asked for it when buying toothpaste.
Do I Really Need One Before I Move?
Yes — especially if you’re applying for a residency visa like the D7 or Digital Nomad visa.
“We’re finding that a NIF is now required for most visa applications,” Kathleen confirms. “You may also need to open a Portuguese bank account before applying — and to do that, you’ll need a NIF.”
Does Having a NIF Help Me Get Residency?
Not directly.
“Having a NIF won’t increase your chances of getting a visa,” says Kathleen. “But not having one could mean your application is rejected.”
It’s a required document, not a deciding factor.
Do Children Need Their Own NIF?
Yes. Each person — adult or child — needs their own NIF number.
“It’s assigned per person. So that you would need on an individual basis compared to a bank account where you can absolutely open a joint bank account.”
Children will typically need one when they enroll in school.
“You will find that children need a NIF in order to enroll in school. So that’s kind of like the common forcing function for getting a NIF for a child.”
Do EU Citizens Need a Fiscal Representative?
Not if they live in the EU/EEA and can provide proof of address. But those outside the EU/EEA will need one.
“All non-EU residents need a fiscal representative. That fiscal representative does not necessarily have to be a lawyer… for as long as they’re a Portuguese tax resident.”
What Happens If I Leave Portugal?
Still have your NIF? Then you’re still considered a tax resident — unless you update your address.
“Once you leave the country, you should definitely update the address associated with your NIF so that you will no longer be considered a tax resident of Portugal.”
This can be done via the Portal das Finanças by submitting a support ticket with proof of your new address.
“That just makes it clear to the tax office — hey, I no longer reside in Portugal.”
Can I Cancel My NIF?
No. A NIF is permanent and cannot be cancelled — even if you leave Portugal forever.
“The Portugal tax office does not allow you to cancel or like nullify a NIF once you’ve gotten one.”
However, if you got a NIF but never used it (for example, if your move to Portugal fell through), Bordr offers a workaround.
“We have an agreement that you can sign, which says, ‘I agree not to ever use my NIF,’ and that way your fiscal representative doesn’t have any responsibility.”
What If I Forget My NIF?
“If you’re in Portugal, you can go to a Finanças office and bring in documentation so they can pull up that number for you. If you’re abroad, then your best chance is to go to a Portuguese embassy or consulate.”
Can I Use a Foreign Address for Utilities or Renting?
Yes.
“You should be able to use your NIF with a foreign address to rent an apartment. You can also use it to set up utilities.”
Just make sure to update it to your Portuguese address once you settle.
Does My NIF Ever Expire?
No.
“It is permanent, and it’s assigned to you for life. It doesn’t need to be maintained or renewed either.”
Why Am I Asked for My NIF at the Supermarket?
This is one of the most unusual parts of Portuguese life: you’re often asked for your NIF when buying groceries.
“Portugal allows you to deduct certain expenses from your personal income tax. So when you request an invoice or receipt with your NIF, which is why it’s given in grocery stores… you can deduct these expenses.”
And there’s more.
“There’s a thing called Fatura da Sorte — the lucky invoice draw. The government awards treasury certificates of €35,000 in weekly contests.”
Is It a Legal Requirement to Provide My NIF When Making a Purchase?
Only for big purchases — like a house or a car — where there are ongoing tax obligations. For smaller transactions, it’s optional.
“There’s no harm in giving your NIF. If it’s a purchase you made, then absolutely.”
Can I Use Someone Else’s NIF?
You shouldn’t. But if you did by accident, here’s what to do:
“The vendor should be able to cancel the old receipt and issue a new one. If they’re not willing, you can file a complaint in the Livro de Reclamações (complaints book).”
I’m Being Asked to Be Someone’s Fiscal Representative. What Does That Involve?
“Your main obligation is to be able to receive notices from the tax office and forward those to the NIF holder. If you fail to forward them or can’t prove that you fulfilled your responsibilities, you could potentially get hit with a fine.”
I’m an EU Citizen but Moving to the US. Will I Need a Fiscal Rep?
Yes, once you’re no longer residing in the EU/EEA.
“If you can provide proof of your EU address, you don’t need a fiscal representative while away. But once you’re outside the EU, you will.”
I’m a Freelancer With a Client in Portugal. Do I Need a NIF?
No, not if you don’t live in Portugal.
“As a non-Portuguese freelancer, you do not need a NIF in order to invoice a client in Portugal.”
I Was Born in Portugal But Left Years Ago. Would I Have a NIF?
Not necessarily.
“NIFs are not mandatorily assigned at birth. Parents typically get one for their children when they start school. If you are a Portuguese citizen, check your Cartão de Cidadão — your Citizen Card — for your NIF.”
Final NIF Facts
- A NIF is always 9 digits
- It never expires
- Every individual needs their own NIF — even children
- It’s required for banking, renting, utilities, and employment
- You may get tax deductions by using it
- You can win €35,000 in a weekly draw by using it on receipts
- Non-EU/EEA residents must assign a fiscal representative
Final Thoughts from Portugalist
The NIF is one of Portugal’s most bureaucratic essentials — but also one of the most important.
Whether you’re planning to stay for six months or forever, this 9-digit number is your key to everyday life in Portugal. And thanks to services like Bordr.io, getting it from abroad is easier than ever.
Use code “PORTUGALIST” at checkout for €10 off your NIF or bank account setup.